A Beginner’s Guide to Medical Lab Test Words | Health Yaad Aayo

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Lab Tests Medical Terms

Lab tests are helpful for medical diagnostics and treatment monitoring. They help to detect diseases, infections, and other health conditions. Below are some common medical terms related to lab tests:

1. ACR/ Albumin Creatinine Ratio: The Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR) is a diagnostic test used to assess kidney function and detect early signs of kidney damage, particularly in conditions like diabetes and hypertension. 
   
   
2. AFP For Liver: AFP is a protein that is present in patients with liver disease. AFP is also a "tumor marker" and may be used to see if a patient has liver cancer. (Liver cancer is also called hepatocellular carcinoma).     
                  
3. ALBUMIN: The albumin test measures the amount of albumin, a protein produced by the liver, in the blood. It's used to assess liver function, kidney health (via urine albumin), and overall nutritional status. 
   
   
4. Allergy Test - Food & Inhalation: An inhalant allergy is a reaction to something you breathe in. A food allergy is a reaction to something you eat.
   
   
5. Amylase: Any of a group of enzymes (such as amylopsin) that catalyze the hydrolysis of starch and glycogen or their intermediate hydrolysis products.
   
   
6. ANA: The antinuclear antibody (ANA) is a defining feature of autoimmune connective tissue disease. ANAs are a class of antibodies that bind to cellular components in the nucleus, including proteins, DNA, RNA, and nucleic acid-protein complexes.
   
   
7. Anti CCP: Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody testing is particularly useful in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, with high specificity, presence early in the disease process, and ability to identify patients who are likely to have severe disease and irreversible damage.
   
   
8. Anti - Pro BNP: A B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) test or aminoterminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT- proBNP) test gives your provider essential information about your heart health. It helps them diagnose heart failure, so they can develop a treatment plan. It also helps them monitor how well treatments are working.
   
   
9. APPT: The APTT is 1 of several blood coagulation tests. It measures how long it takes your blood to form a clot. Normally, when 1 of your blood vessels is damaged, proteins in your blood called clotting factors come together in a certain order to form blood clots and quickly stop bleeding.
   
   
10. ASO Test: Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is a blood test to measure antibodies against streptolysin O, a substance produced by group A streptococcus bacteria. Antibodies are proteins our bodies produce when they detect harmful substances, such as bacteria.
    
    
11. Beta - HGG: Beta-hCG (B-hCG) is a test that measures the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the blood. This hormone is produced as soon as 10 days after conception. In healthy pregnancies, levels of hCG increase rapidly in early pregnancy.
    
    
12. Bilirubin Direct: Some bilirubin is bound to a certain protein (albumin) in the blood. This type of bilirubin is called unconjugated, or indirect, bilirubin. In the liver, bilirubin is changed into a form that your body can get rid of. This is called conjugated bilirubin or direct bilirubin.
    
    
13. Blood culture: A laboratory test to check for bacteria, yeast, fungi, or other microorganisms in the blood. Blood cultures can help identify the type of microorganism that is causing an infection. This helps determine the best treatment.
    
    
14. Blood Group ABO & RH Factor: The ABO group and Rh type classify a group of genetically inherited antigens found in the outer membrane of each red blood cell. The ABO group consists of four possibilities: A, B, AB, and O. The Rh type is either positive or negative.
    
    
15. Blood Sugar Fasting: This measures your blood sugar after an overnight fast (not eating). A fasting blood sugar level of 99 mg/dL or lower is normal, 100 to 125 mg/dL indicates you have prediabetes, and 126 mg/dL or higher indicates you have diabetes.
    
    
16. Blood Sugar Post Dinner: This measures your blood sugar after the Dinner. These are typical targets: Before a meal: 80 to 130 mg/dL. Two hours after the start of a meal: Less than 180 mg/dL.
    
    
17. Blood Sugar PP: This measures your blood sugar after 2 hours of morning food consumption. A blood sugar level of 140 mg/dL or lower is considered normal, 140 to 199 mg/dL indicates you have prediabetes, and 200 mg/dL or higher indicates you have diabetes.
    
    
18. Blood Sugar Pre Dinner: This measures your blood sugar before the Dinner. These are typical targets: Before a meal: 80 to 130 mg/dL. Two hours after the start of a meal: Less than 180 mg/dL.
    
    
19. Blood Sugar Random: This measures your blood sugar at the time you’re tested. You can take this test at any time and don’t need to fast (not eat) first. A blood sugar level of 200 mg/dL or higher indicates you have diabetes.
    
    
20. CA 125 For Ovarian Cancer: CA-125 is a type of tumor marker. High levels of certain tumor markers in your blood may be a sign of cancer. High levels of CA-125 are often found in people who have ovarian cancer.
    
    
21. Calcium Total: This test measures the calcium attached to certain proteins in your blood and “free” or unattached calcium. Total calcium is often included in a routine blood screening test called a basic metabolic panel (BMP).
    
    
22. Cancer Markers: A tumor marker is anything present in or produced by cancer cells or other cells of the body in response to cancer or certain benign (noncancerous) conditions that provides information about a cancer, such as how aggressive it is, what kind of treatment it may respond to, or whether it is responding to treatment.
    
    
23. CEA For Colon: Carcinoembryonic Antigen, also called CEA, is a problem that may be elevated in many colorectal cancer patients and is detected in the blood. CEA levels are expected to go down in patients who have had surgery to remove their tumor.
    
    
24. Cholesterol HDL Direct: HDL (high- density lipoprotein) cholesterol, sometimes called “good” cholesterol, absorbs cholesterol in the blood and carries it back to the liver. High level of HDL can lower your risk for heart disease and stroke.
    
    
25. Cholesterol LDL Direct:  The direct low -density lipoprotein cholesterol test (direct LDL-C) measures the amount of LDL cholesterol, sometimes called “bad” cholesterol, in the blood. Elevated concentrations are associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease.
    
    
26. Cholesterol: Total cholesterol levels are categorized as normal (<200 mg/dL), borderline high (200–239 mg/dL), and high (≥240 mg/dL), and can be measured anytime. Lipids include cholesterol (LDL, HDL) and triglycerides. Treatment decisions focus more on LDL and HDL levels than total cholesterol.
    
    
27. Complete Blood Count (CBC) Test: A complete blood count (CBC) is a blood test. It's used to look at overall health and find a wide range of conditions, including anemia, infection and leukemia. A complete blood count test measures the following: Red blood cells, which carry oxygen. White blood cells, which fight infection.
    
    
28. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Quantitative: A c-reactive protein test measures the level of c- reactive protein (CRP) in a sample of your blood. CRP is a protein that your liver makes. Normally, you have low levels of c-reactive protein in your blood. High levels of CRP may mean you have a serious health condition that causes inflammation.
    
    
29. Creatinine: This test measures creatinine levels in blood and/or urine. Creatinine is a waste product made by your muscles as part of regular, everyday activity. If there is a problem with your kidneys, creatinine can build up in the blood and less will be released in urine and can be a sign of kidney disease.
    
    
30. Creatinine - 24 hr Urine: Urine creatinine (24 -hour urine collection) values can range from 500 to 2000 mg/day (4,420 to 17,680 mmol/day). Another way of expressing the normal range for test results is: 14 to 26 mg per kg of body mass per day for men (123.8 to 229.8 mol/kg/day.
    
    
31.  Creatinine - Urine: The creatinine urine test measures the amount of creatinine in urine. This test is done to see how well your kidneys are working. Creatinine can also be measured by a blood test. A measurement of the serum creatinine level is often used to evaluate kidney function.
    
    
32. CRP C-Reactive Protein, Qualitative: The liver produces C-reactive protein, also known as CRP. The production of this protein rises abnormally when there is an infection or inflammation in the liver. The test is conducted on a sample of blood to find the extent of infections or tissue damages. It helps in measuring the extent of CRP.
    
    
33. DENGUE PROFILE (DENGUE IGG/IGM/ NS1): Dengue Antigen NS1, IgG and IgM test detects the non-structural protein component (NS1) of the dengue virus and the antibodies (IgG and IgM) produced by the body in response to the infection. This test helps in early diagnosis and treatment of dengue infection.
    
    
34. DHEAS (Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate): Measures adrenal gland function. Helps diagnose adrenal tumors or disorders.
    
    
35. Differential Leucocyte Count (DLC): Measures the percentage of different types of white blood cells. Used to diagnose infections or immune disorders.
    
    
36. ds-DNA-Ab: Tests for antibodies against double-stranded DNA. Used to diagnose autoimmune diseases like lupus.
    
    
37. ENA Profile 18 Antigen: Identifies specific autoantibodies. Used for diagnosing connective tissue diseases.
    
    
38. ESR: An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that can show if you have inflammation in your body. Inflammation in your immune system’s response to injury, infection, and many types of conditions, including immune system disorders, certain cancers, and blood disorders.
    
    
39. Estradiol E2:  Measures estrogen levels. Used to evaluate reproductive health and menstrual irregularities.
    
    
40. Fasting Insulin: Determines insulin levels after fasting. Used to diagnose diabetes or insulin resistance.
    
    
41. Ferritin: Measures iron storage in the body. Helps diagnose anemia or iron overload.
    
    
42. Folate; Folic Acid: Checks folate levels. Essential for diagnosing anemia or assessing nutritional deficiencies.
    
    
43. Free T3 / Free T4: Measures active thyroid hormones. Used to assess thyroid function. 
    
    
44. FSH: Assesses follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Helps diagnose fertility issues.
    
    
45. Gamma GT: A gamma- glutamyl transferase (GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in the blood. GGT is an enzyme found throughout the body, but it is mostly found in the liver.
    
    
46. GCT(Glucose Challenge Test): Screens for gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
    
    
47. Growth Hormone: Measures growth hormone levels. Diagnoses growth disorders or pituitary gland issues.
    
    
48.  HbA1c: The A1C test also known as the hemoglobin A1C or HbA1c test is a simple blood test that measures your average blood sugar levels over the past 3 months. It is used to test to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes, and help to manage your diabetes.
    
    
49. Hemoglobin (Hb): Measures red blood cells' oxygen-carrying capacity. Used to diagnose anemia.
    
    
50. Hepatitis B (HBsAg): Detects hepatitis B surface antigen. Used to diagnose hepatitis B infection.
    
    
51. Hepatitis C Antibody:  Identifies antibodies to the hepatitis C virus. Diagnosis hepatitis C infection.
    
    
52. Hepatitis E IgM: Detects acute hepatitis E infection.
    
    
53. HIV 1 & 2 Antibodies: Screens for HIV infection.
    
    
54. HLAB -27: Tests for genetic markers. Associated with autoimmune conditions like ankylosing spondylitis.
    
    
55. H. Pylori Ab/Ag: Detects Helicobacter pylori infection. Helps diagnose stomach ulcers.
    
    
56. Immunoglobulin A (IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM): Measures specific antibodies. Used for diagnosing immune system disorders.
    
    
57. INFLUENZA VACCINE: Influenza (flu) vaccines (often called “flu shots”) are vaccines that protect against the four influenza viruses that are common during the upcoming season. Most flu vaccines are “flu shots” given with a needle, usually in the arm,but there also is a nasal spray flu vaccine.
    
    
58. INFLUENZA VACCINE (IV): Influenza (flu) vaccines (often called “flu shots” ) are vaccines that protect against the four influenza viruses that are common during the upcoming season.
    
    
59. Iron: Measures iron levels in blood. Helps diagnose anemia.
    
    
60. Iron profile: Comprehensive test for iron levels and storage. Assesses anemia or iron overload.
    
    
61. Laser Treatments (Chest, Face, Underarm): Cosmetic procedures for hair removal or skin improvement.
    
    
62. Leptospira IgG, IgM: Detects leptospirosis infection.
    
    
63. LH: Measures LH levels. Evaluates fertility and reproductive health.
    
    
64. Lipase: Measures pancreatic enzyme levels. Diagnosis of pancreatic disorders.
    
    
65. Lipid Profile: Checks cholesterol and triglycerides. Assesses heart disease risk.
    
    
66. Lithiumlithium: Monitors lithium levels in blood. Ensures safe therapeutic levels for psychiatric treatment.
    
    
67. Liver function tests (LFT): Liver function tests (also called LFTs) are blood tests that can provide information about how your liver is working. Evaluates liver health by measuring enzymes and proteins.
    
    
68. Magnesium: Measures magnesium levels. Essential for muscle and nerve function.
    
    
69. Myoglobin: Detects muscle damage. Used in diagnosing heart attacks.
    
    
70. PCR Test: PCR means polymerase chain reaction. It’s a test to detect genetic material from a specific organism, such as a virus. The test detects the presence of a virus if you have the virus at the time of test.
    
    
71. Phosphorus: The phosphorus blood test measures the amount of phosphate in the blood. Blood is drawn from a vein , usually from inside of the elbow or the back of the hand.
    
    
72. Platelets Count: Measures platelets in blood. Used for clotting disorders.
    
    
73. Potassium: Checks potassium levels. Essential for heart and muscle function.
    
    
74. Progesterone: Evaluates reproductive health and pregnancy.
    
    
75. Prolactin: Measures prolactin hormone. Diagnoses fertility issues.
    
    
76. PSA for Prostate: Prostate -specific antigen, or PSA, is a protein produced by normal, as well as malignant, cells of the prostate gland. The PSA test measures the level of PSA in the blood. 
    
    
77. PT/INR: Assesses blood clotting ability. Used before surgeries or for anticoagulant monitoring.
    
    
78. PUS CULTURE: Identifies infections in pus samples.
    
    
79. RABIES VACCINE: A vaccine is available to help protect people at risk of being exposed to rabies. But even if you have been vaccinated, you should still get urgent medical help if your’re bitten or scratched by an animal that may have had rabies.
    
    
80. RA Factor (Rheumatoid): Diagnoses rheumatoid arthritis.
    
    
81. Red Blood Cell Count (RBC):  Measures red blood cells. Assesses anemia or dehydration.
    
    
82. Renal Function Test (RFT): RTF blood test is significantly suggested to patients who show a sign of improper functioning of kidneys. Doctors tend to recommend these tests to patients with underlying health conditions: People with high blood pressure. People who experience pain during urination.
    
    
83. Scurb Typhus IGG &IGM: Detects scrub typhus infection.
    
    
84. SGOT: An enzyme found in the liver, heart , and other tissues. A high level of SGOT  released into the blood may be a sign of liver or heart damage, cancer, or other diseases. 
    
    
85. SGPT: An enzyme found in the liver and other tissues. A high level of SGPT released into the blood may be a sign of liver damage, cancer, or other diseases.
    
    
86. Skin Analysis: Evaluates skin condition. Used in dermatology or cosmetic procedures.
    
    
87. Sodium: Checks sodium levels. Assesses hydration and electrolyte balance.
    
    
88. Sodium Bicarbonate: When carboxylic acid reacts with sodium bicarbonate solution carbon dioxide is evolved with a brisk effervescence along with sodium acetate is formed. This test is used to distinguish between carboxylic acid from phenol.
    
    
89. Sputum culture: Identifies respiratory infections.
    
    
90. Stool Examination: This test can look in your poop for bacteria, a virus, or other germs that might be making you sick.
    
    
91. Stool Examination with Occult Blood: The fecal occult blood test (FOBT) is a lab test used to check stool samples for hidden (occult) blood. Occult blood in the stool may indicate colon cancer or polyps in the colon or rectum -though not all cancers or polyps bleed.
    
    
92. Tacrolimus: Monitors drug levels for organ transplant patients.
    
    
93. Testosterone Total: Measures testosterone levels. Evaluates hormonal health.
    
    
94. Thyroid Function Test: TSH stands for thyroid stimulating hormone. A TSH test is a blood test that measures this hormone. TSH levels that are too high or too low may be a sign of a thyroid problem.
    
    
95. Thyroid Screening (TSH): Measures thyroid-stimulating hormone. Screens for thyroid disorders.
    
    
96. Total Bilirubin: This is a blood test that measures the amount of a substance called bilirubin. This test is used to find out how well your liver is working. It is often part of a panel of tests that measure liver function.
    
    
97. Total Leucocyte Count (WBC):  Measures white blood cells. Diagnoses infections.
    
    
98. Total Protein: Checks protein levels. Assesses nutritional status or liver/kidney health.
    
    
99. TPHA: Tests for syphilis infection.
    
    
100. Triglyceride: Plaque is made up of cholesterol deposits. Plaque buildup causes the inside of the arteries to narrow over time. This process is called atherosclerosis. Measures fat levels in blood. Assesses heart disease risk.
     
     
101. Troponin I (Qualitative): Detects heart muscle damage. Used in heart attack diagnosis.
     
     
102. Typhoid IgG, IgM:  Diagnosis typhoid fever.
     
     
103. Urea: A common blood test, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)  test reveals important information about how well your kidneys are working. BUN test measures the amount of urea nitrogen that’s in your blood.
     
     
104. Uric Acid: Uric acid is a normal body waste product. It forms when chemicals called purines break down. Purines are a natural substance found in the body. Measures uric acid levels. Diagnosis gout or kidney stones.
     
     
105. Urine culture: Identifies urinary tract infections.
     
     
106. Urine Examination: Urinalysis is a series of tests on your urine, or pee. Doctors use it to check for signs of common conditions or diseases. Detects kidney damage or infections.
     
     
107. Urine Micro-Albumin: A urine microalbumin test is a test to detect very small levels of a blood protein (albumin) in your urine. A microalbumin test is used to detect early signs of kidney damage.
     
     
108. VACCINE CHICKEN POX: Chickenpox is a highly contagious disease caused by the varicella- zoster virus (VZV). It causes an itchy, blister-like rash. Prevents chickenpox infection.
     
     
109. Vampire Facial: Cosmetic treatment using platelet-rich plasma for skin rejuvenation.
     
     
110. VDRL(RPR) Test: Screens for syphilis.
     
     
111. Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 is a water- soluble vitamin that is naturally present in some foods, added to others, and available as a dietary supplement and a prescription medication. Measures vitamin B12 levels. Diagnosis anemia or neurological issues.
     
     
112. Vitamin D: Vitamin D is both a nutrient we eat and a hormone our bodies make. Assesses vitamin D levels. Diagnoses bone or immune health issues.
     
     
113. Widal test: Diagnosis of typhoid fever.
     
     
114. Zinc: Measures zinc levels. Essential for immune function and healing.