Overview of HMPV Virus
HMPV (Human metapneumovirus) is a virus that affects the respiratory system impacting children, older adults and those with weak immune system. First identified in Netherlands in 2001, the HMPV virus caused an outbreak in China in early December, five years after the COVID-19. Common symptoms include coughing, fever, and difficulty in breathing which can be mild or severe. The virus is transmitted by inhaling air from infected person when they cough or sneeze. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) usually causes upper respiratory infections but can also lead to more serious issues like pneumonia, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Current Statistics of HMPV Virus in Nepal
Regarding potential sources in Nepal, the Epidemiology and Disease Control Division is testing patients with respiratory illnesses to check for human metapneumovirus (hMPV), which causes flu-like symptoms. The virus is not new but is being tested for due to rising cases in nearby countries. It mainly affects children, the elderly, and those with weak immune systems. As of January 19, 2025, no cases of the virus have been found in Nepal.
Dr Ghimire said that infection of human metapneumovirus is common during winter and we should not panic over this virus. It is common in adults, but 10 to 12 percent of children are affected by respiratory illness caused by it. The Ministry of Health and Population (MoPH) suggests people to adopt public health measures like mask-wearing and handwashing, can help reduce transmission. Citizens with symptoms are recommended to see a doctor or call the Ministry's health desk at 1115 for advice.

Common signs of HMPV Virus include:
- Cough and Fever
- Runny nose
- Headache
- Body Pain
- Wheezing
- Sore throat
- Shortness of breath
Although this virus is not considered serious, it is essential to adopt preventive measures to stop its transmission. Good hygiene, avoiding crowded places and face masks are some of the effective ways to reduce the risk.
Who is at risk of contracting this virus?
Anyone can get hMPV, the risk of severe illness is higher for:
- Children under 5 (especially premature infants).
- Adults over 65.
- People with weak immune systems (due to conditions like HIV, cancer, or autoimmune disorders, or from medications that lower immunity).
- Those with asthma or chronic lung diseases like COPD.
Causes of HMPV Outbreaks
- Seasonal Patterns (e.g., Higher Cases in Winter)
- Close contact in crowded areas.
- Lack of awareness about the virus and its symptoms.
Conclusion
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a common virus that usually causes mild symptoms but can be serious for sensitive people. Preventive measures like washing hands, wearing masks, and avoiding crowded places can reduce the risk of transmission. Although there are no reported cases in Nepal yet, it's important to stay careful, especially in winter. By staying informed we can protect ourselves from outbreaks.